Malware continues to be prevalent, encompassing various forms such as viruses, ransomware and spyware. These malicious programs can disrupt operations, steal information or damage systems.

Social engineering exploits human interactions to gain unauthorized access to valuable information and systems. Phishing, one of the most common forms, tricks users into divulging sensitive data.

Insider threats arise from within an organization and can be accidental or malicious. These threats are particularly insidious as they bypass traditional security measures with legitimate access.

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are complex, stealthy and prolonged attacks aimed at specific targets to steal data or disrupt operations, often undetected for long periods.

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks overload systems with floods of internet traffic. These attacks disrupt services and can serve as a smokescreen for more invasive attacks.

Ransomware attacks involve encrypting the victim’s data and demanding payment for decryption keys. These attacks can paralyze critical systems and demand significant financial payouts.

Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks intercept communications between two parties to steal or manipulate information.

Supply chain attacks compromise software or hardware before they reach the consumer, exploiting trusted relationships.